Specific Hygiene Procedures and Practices Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Fresh Fishery Product Retailers of Lisbon's Traditional Food Markets.

This study aimed to assess the compliance of specific hand hygiene and food contact surfaces hygiene in fresh fishery product retailers (FFPR) and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics that might influence the observed procedures and practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted in traditional food markets' FFPRs (N = 74) using interviews and audits for data collection purposes. Results revealed that women were overrepresented among FFPR managers; most were over 50 years of age and had a long working experience in fish retail activities, despite a low educational level. The majority had attended training courses in food hygiene, safety, and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points-based procedures. Both documental assessment and hand hygiene procedures and practices verification revealed a low level of compliance. Many documents supporting hygiene practices were lacking. Several non-conforming requisites were identified related to the handwashing procedure and equipment and to glove wearing practices. A higher level of compliance was obtained in food contact surfaces hygiene procedures and practices verification, with complete hygiene procedures applied and proper cleaning of utensils and chemical products management in several cases. These findings reflect an ambiguous understanding and misconceptions related to hygiene procedures and practices, suggesting the need to improve and update FFPR food handler training regarding basic food hygiene and safety.

Qualidade de vida em crianças portadoras do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) / Quality of life in children with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Resumo Introdução O estudo da qualidade de vida de crianças portadoras de doenças crônicas, como o HIV, é essencial, visando um cuidado integral e holístico para os portadores da doença. Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida e os fatores sociodemográficos associados de crianças portadoras do HIV. Método Estudo descritivo transversal, amostra de 78 crianças de ambos os sexos, faixa etária de 3 a 13 anos, atendidas em serviço de referência da cidade do Recife-PE. Foram utilizados o questionário Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil, para caracterização socioeconômica, e a Escala de Qualidade de Vida da Criança (AUQEI). Para avaliar associação entre as variáveis, foram utilizados o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste Exato de Fischer. A margem de erro utilizada foi de 5%. Resultados No tocante à qualidade de vida, ficar doente, brincar sozinho e a presença de bullying na escola apresentaram baixos índices de satisfação. Já itens como férias, aniversário, estar à mesa com a família e assistir televisão apresentaram altos níveis de satisfação. Conclusão As crianças desta pesquisa demonstraram uma qualidade de vida influenciada pelos aspectos negativos presentes em suas vidas. Desta forma, é necessária uma equipe multidisciplinar para o tratamento e prevenção de comorbidades, inclusive as psicossociais.

Abstract Background Studying the quality of life of children with chronic diseases, such as HIV, is essential, aiming at comprehensive and holistic care for people with the disease. Objective To assess the quality of life and sociodemographic associated factors in children with HIV. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study, with a sample of 78 children of both genders, aged between 3 and 13 years old, attending a reference service in the city of Recife-PE. Two questionnaires were used to collect data, the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria questionnaire, to accomplish the socioeconomic characteristics, and the Quality of Life Scale for Children (AUQEI). Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test evaluated the association between the variables. The margin of error was 5%. Results The quality of life, being sick, playing alone and the presence of bullying in school had low satisfaction rates. On the other hand, items such as vacations, birthday, being at the table with the family, and watching television showed high levels of satisfaction. Conclusions The children in this research demonstrated a quality of life influenced by the negative aspects present in their lives. Thus, a multidisciplinary team is needed for the treatment and prevention of comorbidities, including psychosocial ones.

Efeito de um programa de estimulação cognitiva em idosos institucionalizados / Effect of a cognitive stimulation program on institutionalized elderly

No processo de envelhecimento surgem as alterações cognitivas que causam incapacidades e limitações, nomeadamente, diminuição da mobilidade, tomada de decisão, perda de memória, dificuldade na gestão das rotinas diárias, entre outras. Alguns estudos mostram que a institucionalização pode afetar negativamente a função cognitiva, sendo o resultado do sedentarismo ou falta de incentivo. Contudo, a "estimulação cognitiva" associada à participação em atividades de grupo e discussões procuram melhorar o funcionamento cognitivo. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e longitudinal, com uma metodologia que envolveu a aplicação de um programa de intervenção na população idosa, com dois momentos de avaliação (antes e após a intervenção de seis semanas) por forma a observar se ocorreram mudanças com o programa aplicado. A questão de investigação procura perceber "Em que medida o declínio cognitivo pode ser minimizado/evitado com um programa de estimulação cognitiva durante a institucionalização?". Objetivos: 1) Conhecer a capacidade cognitiva, o funcionamento e a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde dos idosos institucionalizados, antes e pós aplicação do programa de estimulação cognitiva; 2) Conhecer a prevalência do declínio cognitivo em função das variáveis sociodemográficas; 3) Verificar a associação entre a idade, o tempo de institucionalização e o declínio cognitivo; 4) Explorar a relação entre qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde e o declínio cognitivo. Resultados: Observou-se um impacto positivo e melhorias significativas entre o antes e após a implementação do programa, especialmente no mini exame do estado mental, no teste do relógio, na escala de medição de qualidade de vida e escala visual analógica do seu estado de saúde (EQ 5D 3L). Conclusões: A intervenção constitui um momento de estimulação, partilha e aprendizagem que se refletiu na qualidade de vida dos idosos.

In the aging process, cognitive changes that cause disabilities and limitations, such as decreased mobility, decision making, loss of memory, difficulty in managing daily routines, and other problems arise. Some studies show that institutionalization can negatively affect cognitive function, being the result of sedentarism or lack of incentive. However, "cognitive stimulation" associated with participation in group activities and discussions seek to improve cognitive functioning. Methodology: Descriptive , quantitative and longitudinal study, with a methodology that involved the application of an intervention program in the elderly population, with two moments of evaluation (before and after the intervention of six weeks) in order to observe if they occurred changes with the program applied. The research question attempts to understand: "To what extent can cognitive decline be minimized / avoided with a cognitive stimulation program during institutionalization?". Objectives: 1) To know the cognitive capacity, the functioning and the quality of life related to the health of the institutionalized elderly before and after the implementation of a cognitive stimulation program; 2) To determine the prevalence of cognitive decline in the light of demographic variables; 3) To verify the association between the age, the time of institutionalization and the cognitive decline; 4) To explore the relationship between quality of life related to health and cognitive decline. Results: There was a positive impact and significant improvements between before and after the implementation of the program, especially in the mini mental state examination, the clock test, the quality of life measurement scale and the visual analog scale of his health status (EQ 5D 3L). Conclusions: The intervention constitutes a moment of stimulation, sharing and learning that is reflected in the quality of life of the elderly.

Enamel defects and tooth eruption disturbances in children with sickle cell anemia.

Sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene, can present oral manifestations such as delayed tooth eruption and hypomineralized enamel and dentin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and delayed tooth eruption in children with sickle cell anemia. The sample comprised 56 male and female children with sickle cell anemia aged 6 to 12 years and treated at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Pernambuco, Brazil. The data were collected according to the WHO criteria for DDE and tooth eruption. The prevalence of DDE was 58.2% and increased with age, affecting 43.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years and 66.7% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p>0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). There was no significant association between DDE and sex; the most prevalent type of DDE was diffuse opacity (6.2%). Tooth eruption was delayed in 18 children (32.1%). The delay increased with age and was detected in 11.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years, in 20.0% of those aged 8 to 10 years and in 54.2% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p<0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). Delayed tooth eruption was higher in males (36.7%, p>0.05). The prevalence of DDE was high, increased with age and was similar between sexes, while delayed eruption was higher in males and showed a significant association with age.

Enamel defects and tooth eruption disturbances in children with sickle cell anemia

Abstract Sickle cell anemia, a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene, can present oral manifestations such as delayed tooth eruption and hypomineralized enamel and dentin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and delayed tooth eruption in children with sickle cell anemia. The sample comprised 56 male and female children with sickle cell anemia aged 6 to 12 years and treated at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Center of Pernambuco, Brazil. The data were collected according to the WHO criteria for DDE and tooth eruption. The prevalence of DDE was 58.2% and increased with age, affecting 43.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years and 66.7% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p>0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). There was no significant association between DDE and sex; the most prevalent type of DDE was diffuse opacity (6.2%). Tooth eruption was delayed in 18 children (32.1%). The delay increased with age and was detected in 11.8% of children aged 6 to 8 years, in 20.0% of those aged 8 to 10 years and in 54.2% of those aged 10 to 12 years (p<0.05; Pearson's chi-square test). Delayed tooth eruption was higher in males (36.7%, p>0.05). The prevalence of DDE was high, increased with age and was similar between sexes, while delayed eruption was higher in males and showed a significant association with age.

Saúde bucal em portadores da anemia falciforme / Oral health in patients with cell anemia

A anemia falciforme é a doença mais comum entre as hemoglobinopatias no Brasil e no mundo, sendo caracterizada pela presença da hemoglobina anômala S (ou HbS), que provoca falcização (forma de foice) das hemácias. Os problemas clínicos associados à doença estão atribuídos diretamente ao defeito desta hemoglobina nas células vermelhas do sangue. Estes incluem: anemia hemolítica, infecções bacterianas e crises dolorosas. Os pacientes falciformes possuem condições clínicas que podem ser intensificadas durante o tratamento odontológico, logo as medidas preventivas são importantes, porque as infecções dentárias podem precipitar as crises vasoclusivas. As condições de saúde bucal podem causar grande impacto na saúde geral e na qualidade de vida dos portadores, e o cirurgião dentista desempenha um papel importante na prevenção das complicações. Diante dessas peculiaridades da doença e à escassez de estudos sobre suas consequências na cavidade bucal, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma breve revisão da literatura destacando os principais aspectos da anemia falciforme relacionados com a saúde bucal.

Sickle cell disease is most common hemoglobinopathies in Brazil and worldwide, and is characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS or) that causes sickling (sickle) red blood cells. The clinical problems associated with the disease are directly attributed to the defect of hemoglobin in red blood cells. These include: hemolytic anemia, bacterial infections and pain crises. Sickle cell patients have medical conditions that may be intensified during dental treatment, so preventive measures are important because dental infections can precipitate crises vasoclusivas. The oral health status can cause great impact on overall health and quality of life of patients and the dentist plays an important role in preventing complications. Given these peculiarities of the disease and the scarcity of studies on its effects in the oral cavity, the aim of this paper is to present a brief literature review highlighting key aspects of sickle cell disease related to oral health.

Prevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits and its relation with anterior open bite in children seen in the Odontopediatric Clinic of the University of Pernambuco

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to establish the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits (pacifier and/or digit sucking) and to assess its relation with anterior open bite. METHODS: The sample consisted of 980 records of children of both genders, with ages between 3 and 12 years, who were treated at the Pediatrics Clinic of the University of Pernambuco (FOP/UPE), from February 2000 trough December 2005, both sexes. Pearson's Chi-square test at 5% level of significance was used for statistical assessment. RESULTS: It was observed that 17,7% of the sample had some habit at the moment of the anamnesis (9,6% of digit sucking habit, 8,8% of pacifier sucking habit and 0,7% of both habits) and that the prevalence of open bite was 20,3%. The prevalence of sucking habits in girls was much higher than in boys (22,6% and 12,9%, respectively) and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0,000). A correlation between habits and open bite was proved statistically (p = 0,000): Children with sucking habits had 8 times more chances of developing anterior open bite. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior open bite was associated to the presence of non nutritive sucking habits; sucking habits were more prevalent in girls and in children between three and six years of age.

Caries prevalence and socioeconomic factors in children with sickle cell anemia.

The aim of the present study was to investigate caries prevalence and socioeconomic factors in children with sickle cell anemia. This study was conducted in 160 children with sickle cell anemia aged 3 to 12 years attending the Center for Hematology in Recife, Brazil. Data collection included interviews with guardians concerning social factors and oral examinations to determine the caries prevalence. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. The caries prevalence was 55.0%. The dmft index was 2.12, and the DMFT index was 1.50. Income significantly influenced dmft; the mean dmft was 4.57 in children whose family income was less than the Brazilian minimum wage (BMW), whereas in children with a family income three times the BMW or higher, the mean dmft was 2.27. No statistically positive association was found between the educational level of parents and guardians and the caries indices. A statistically significant association was found between dental caries prevalence and family income.

Caries prevalence and socioeconomic factors in children with sickle cell anemia

The aim of the present study was to investigate caries prevalence and socioeconomic factors in children with sickle cell anemia. This study was conducted in 160 children with sickle cell anemia aged 3 to 12 years attending the Center for Hematology in Recife, Brazil . Data collection included interviews with guardians concerning social factors and oral examinations to determine the caries prevalence. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. The caries prevalence was 55.0%. The dmft index was 2.12, and the DMFT index was 1.50. Income significantly influenced dmft; the mean dmft was 4.57 in children whose family income was less than the Brazilian minimum wage (BMW), whereas in children with a family income three times the BMW or higher, the mean dmft was 2.27. No statistically positive association was found between the educational level of parents and guardians and the caries indices. A statistically significant association was found between dental caries prevalence and family income.

Tratamiento de laceraciones faciales tratados con el 2-OCTIL cianoacrilato / Treating facial lacerations treated with the 2-octyl cyanoacrylate

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el comportamiento de los niños con laceraciones faciales, tratados con 2-octil cianoacrilato y la sutura convencional, a la que asistieron el Hospital da Restauração, Recife / PE. Se seleccionaron 11 niños de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 3 a 9 años, a la que asistieron el servicio de Cirugía Buco-maxilofacial del Hospital. La muestra fue no probabilística. Para observar el comportamiento de los niños se tomaron fotografías antes, durante y después de la atención. Además de las fotos, las formas se han cubierto las cuestiones relacionadas con la física y aspectos psicológicos de los niños. En el análisis de los datos utilizados para la prueba Exato de Fisher y de Mann-Whitney . Los resultados mostraron que los dos mayores frecuencias, las categorías son non cooperativas y habilidades de cooperación. Existe una diferencia entre el comportamiento de los niños tratados con el 2-octil-cianoacrilato y la sutura convencional, los niños tratados con adhesivo fueron más cooperativos y estuvieron calmados, probablemente debido a la menor duración del procedimiento, con una diferencia significativa entre los grupos (p <0,05), y también la falta de anestesia local. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de más estudios sobre el uso de adhesivos en los niños con laceraciones faciales y el comportamiento de los que hacen frente a estasituación

The aim of this study was to evaluate the children's behavior with facial lacerations, treated with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and with the conventional suture, attended at the Hospital da Restauração, Recife / PE. Were selected, 11 children, of both sexes, aged from 3 to 9 years, attended in the Hospital service of Bucco-Maxillofacial Surgery. The sample was not probabilistic. To observe the behavior of children were taken photographs before, during and after care. Besides the photos, formularies were completed containing questions relating to children's physical and psychological aspects. In the analysis of the data used to test the exact Fisher and Mann-Whitney. The results showed that the two largest frequencies correspond to the cooperative and without cooperative skill categories. Was observed a difference between the children's behavior treated with the 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and with the conventional suture; the children's behavior treated with the adhesive were more cooperative and calm, probably due to the procedure's lower duration, with significant differences between groups (p < 0,05), and also the absence of local anesthesia. The results suggest the need for more studies on the use of adhesive in children with facial lacerations and the behavior of those facing this situation

Atendimento odontológico ao paciente diabético tipo 1: [revisão] / Dental care for type 1 diabetic patients: [review]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma desordem metabólica caracterizada por uma alteração nos níveis de insulina. Há dois tipos principais de DM: tipo 1, onde há deficiência total de secreção de insulina, e tipo 2, onde há uma inadequada secreção compensatória. Dentre as alterações bucais destes pacientes estão: baixo fluxo salivar e aumento de seu pH e viscosidade, que são fatores de risco para cárie. A presente revisão da literatura tem por objetivo fornecer maiores informações sobre esta síndrome, assim, como orientar o clínico como proceder com estes pacientes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by deficient management of insulin. Two main types of DM exist: type 1, a total deficiency in insulin secretion, and type 2, a combination of resistance to insulin action and inadequate compensatory insulin secretion. Amongst the buccal alterations of these patients, there are reduction of the flow and increase of the saliva's acidity and viscosity, risk factors for caries. This review intends to provide not only general information about this syndrome, but also orientations how to preceed with these patients.

Prevalência de cárie e fatores associados em crianças hemofílicas / Prevalence of caries and associated factors in hemophiliac children

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de cárie e alguns fatores associados em crianças portadoras de hemofilia, na faixa etária de 3 a 12 anos, de ambos os sexos, atendidas no Centro de Hemoterapia de Pernambuco (Hemope) nos anos de 2005/2006. Os dados foram coletados através de uma amostra intencional, composta por quarenta crianças. O levantamento dos dados foi feito através de uma etapa clínica e outra não-clínica. Na etapa clínica foi realizado o exame clínico intrabucal por uma examinadora calibrada. Na etapa não-clínica foram aplicados questionários aos responsáveis, com perguntas objetivas e subjetivas sobre alguns fatores comportamentais e sociais. Para determinação da prevalência de cárie foi adotado o índice ceo-d e CPO-D de acordo com os critérios da OMS. Após análise dos dados, verificou-se que o índice ceo-d foi igual a 2,00 e o do CPO-D igual a 0,67. Além disso, com relação ao grau de instrução dos responsáveis, o valor do ceo-d foi de 1,51 para as crianças cujos pais possuíam 1º grau incompleto e de 2,50 para aqueles com o 1º grau completo; o CPO-D foi de 0,78 para aquelas cujos pais tinham 1º grau incompleto e de 0,59 para os com o 1º grau completo. Foi possível concluir: a prevalência de cárie no grupo pesquisado foi baixa; verificou-se uma relação significante entre a prevalência de cárie e os indicadores de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, relacionado ao grau de instrução dos responsáveis; observou-se uma menor prevalência de cárie nas crianças cujas mães receberam orientações sobre higiene bucal e dieta.

The present study aimed at verifying tooth decay and some associated factors in hemophilic children of both genders with ages from 3 to 12 years old, treated in the Center of Hemoterapia of Pernambuco (Hemope) in 2005 and 2006. The data were collected from an intentional sample composed of 40 children. Data collection was achieved in two phases: clinical and non-clinical. In the clinical phase, an intrabuccal clinical examination was performed by a specialist. While in the non-clinical phase, the guardians of the children were requested to complete a questionnaire with objective and subjective questions on behavioral and social factors. To determine tooth decay, the ceo-d and CPO-D indexes were adopted as recommended by the World Health Organization. Analysis of the data showed the ceo-d index was 2.00 and the CPO-D index was 0.67. Additionally, in respect to the education of the guardians, the ceo-d index was 1.51 and 2.50 for children of parents with incomplete and complete primary school education, respectively. Similarly, the CPO-D was 0.78 and 0.59 for participants whose parents had incomplete and complete primary school education, respectively. It was possible to conclude that tooth decay in this group was low and there was a significant association between tooth decay and socioeconomic development indicators. In respect to the education of guardians, less tooth decay was observed in children whose mothers received guidance on oral hygiene and diet.

Current status of human rabies transmitted by dogs in Latin America

Latin American countries made the political decision to eliminate human rabies transmitted by dogs by the year 2005. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate to what extent this goal has been reached. The epidemiological situation and control measures were analyzed and broken down within the countries by georeferencing. The 27 human cases reported in 2003 occurred in some 0.2 percent of the second-level geopolitical units (municipalities or counties) in the region, suggesting that the disease is a local problem. Several areas within the countries reported no more transmission of rabies in dogs. Nearly 1 million people potentially exposed to rabies received treatment. On average, 34,383 inhabitants per health post receive anti-rabies treatment (range: 4,300-148,043). Nearly 42 million dogs are vaccinated annually. Surveillance is considered fair according to the epidemiological criteria adopted by the study. Samples sent for rabies testing represent 0.05 percent of the estimated canine population (range: 0.001 to 0.2 percent). The countries are quite close to achieving the goal.

Os países da América Latina tomaram a decisão política de eliminar a raiva humana transmitida por cão até 2005, e o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o cumprimento desta meta. A situação epidemiológica e as ações de controle foram analisadas de forma desagregada dentro dos países, utilizando-se georreferenciamento da informação. Os 27 casos humanos relatados em 2003 ocorreram em cerca de 0,2 por cento das unidades de segundo nível geopolítico (municípios) da região. Esse dado sugere que a doença atualmente é muito localizada. Vários países não reportam mais transmissão de raiva em cães. Cerca de 1 milhão de pessoas são potencialmente expostas ao risco da raiva e recebem atendimento médico. Existem em média 34.383 (classe: 4.300-148.043) habitantes por posto de saúde com tratamento anti-rábico. São vacinados cerca de 42 milhões de cães anualmente, 70 por cento deles no Brasil e México. A vigilância epidemiológica para a raiva foi considerada média pelos critérios estabelecidos no estudo, sendo enviada 0,05 por cento da população canina estimada de amostras para diagnostico de raiva. Foi considerado que os países estão muito próximos de alcançar a meta.

Current status of human rabies transmitted by dogs in Latin America.

Latin American countries made the political decision to eliminate human rabies transmitted by dogs by the year 2005. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate to what extent this goal has been reached. The epidemiological situation and control measures were analyzed and broken down within the countries by georeferencing. The 27 human cases reported in 2003 occurred in some 0.2% of the second-level geopolitical units (municipalities or counties) in the region, suggesting that the disease is a local problem. Several areas within the countries reported no more transmission of rabies in dogs. Nearly 1 million people potentially exposed to rabies received treatment. On average, 34,383 inhabitants per health post receive anti-rabies treatment (range: 4,300-148,043). Nearly 42 million dogs are vaccinated annually. Surveillance is considered fair according to the epidemiological criteria adopted by the study. Samples sent for rabies testing represent 0.05% of the estimated canine population (range: 0.001 to 0.2%). The countries are quite close to achieving the goal.

Prevalência de maloclusão e sua associação com alterações funcionais do sistema estomatognático entre escolares / Prevalence of malocclusion and its association with functional alterations of the stomatognathic system in schoolchildren

Esta pesquisa objetivou estimar a prevalência de maloclusões entre escolares com 12 anos de idade do Município de Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brasil. As maloclusões foram estratificadas em função do grau de severidade, analisando-se, ainda, a sua associação com as alterações das seguintes funções: fonoarticulação, respiração e deglutição. A oclusão foi avaliada por intermédio do Treatment Priotiy Index (TPI) e as referidas funções por meio de critérios utilizados na rotina clínica fonoaudiológica por um único examinador calibrado (valores de kappa variáveis entre 0,64 e 1,00). Os escolares foram selecionados randomicamente em 11 escolas públicas. Dos 173 sorteados, 82,1 por cento apresentaram maloclusão (IC95 por cento: 76,4-87,8), sendo 38,2 por cento consideradas manifestações menores de maloclusões; 20,8 por cento maloclusões definidas; 13,3 por cento maloclusões severas; e 9,8 por cento maloclusões muito severas. Conclui-se que há uma alta demanda reprimida por tratamentos ortodônticos e que quanto maior a severidade das maloclusões maior é a possibilidade de associação com alterações funcionais, fato que deve ser levado em consideração no planejamento de serviços públicos destinados aos referidos agravos.

The aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Camaragibe, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Malocclusions were stratified by the degree of severity, and their association with alterations of the following functions was also analyzed: speech articulation, respiration, and deglutition. Occlusion was assessed by means of the Treatment Priority Index (TPI) and the functions referred to by means of the criteria used in routine clinical speech therapy by a single calibrated examiner (kappa values ranging from 0.64 to 1.00). Schoolchildren were selected randomly from 11 public schools. Of the 173 selected children, 82.1 percent presented malocclusion (95 percentCI: 76.4-87.8), with 38.2 percent classified as minor manifestations of malocclusion; 20.8 percent definite malocclusions; 13.3 percent severe malocclusions; and 9.8 percent very severe malocclusions. The conclusion was that there is a high repressed demand for orthodontic treatment, and that the greater the severity of the malocclusion, the stronger the possibility of association with functional alterations, which must be taken into consideration when planning appropriate public services for these conditions.

[Prevalence of malocclusion and its association with functional alterations of the stomatognathic system in schoolchildren]. / Prevalência de maloclusão e sua associação com alterações funcionais do sistema estomatognático entre escolares.

The aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Camaragibe, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Malocclusions were stratified by the degree of severity, and their association with alterations of the following functions was also analyzed: speech articulation, respiration, and deglutition. Occlusion was assessed by means of the Treatment Priority Index (TPI) and the functions referred to by means of the criteria used in routine clinical speech therapy by a single calibrated examiner (kappa values ranging from 0.64 to 1.00). Schoolchildren were selected randomly from 11 public schools. Of the 173 selected children, 82.1% presented malocclusion (95%CI: 76.4-87.8), with 38.2% classified as minor manifestations of malocclusion; 20.8% definite malocclusions; 13.3% severe malocclusions; and 9.8% very severe malocclusions. The conclusion was that there is a high repressed demand for orthodontic treatment, and that the greater the severity of the malocclusion, the stronger the possibility of association with functional alterations, which must be taken into consideration when planning appropriate public services for these conditions.

Prevalência de más oclusões e alterações funcionais entre escolares assistidos pelo Programa Saúde da Família em Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil / Prevalence of malocclusions and functional alterations among students seem by Health Family Program in Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil

OBJETIVOS: determinar a prevalência de más oclusões e alterações funcionais entre escolares assistidos pelo Programa Saúde da Família em Juazeiro do Norte. METODOLOGIA: realizou-se um estudo transversal na área assistida pela Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) nº 20 de Juazeiro do Norte. A partir de uma população de 704 crianças de ambos os gêneros com idades entre 6 e 12 anos, calculou-se a amostra utilizando-se um intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento. Avaliou-se, clinicamente, os padrões oclusal e funcional do sistema estomatognático de 84 crianças, as quais foram convocadas aleatoriamente por agentes comunitárias de saúde. Os padrões foram classificados em: normal (oclusão e funções normais) ou alterado (presença de má oclusão e/ou alteração funcional). A oclusão dividia-se nas relações: vertical, transversal e ântero-posterior. As funções analisadas foram: respiração e deglutição. Para a análise estatística, utilizaram-se os testes Qui-quadrado e de Fisher. RESULTADOS: 77,3 por cento e 72,6 por cento da amostra apresentaram más oclusões e padrão funcional alterado, respectivamente; 59,52 por cento apresentaram ambas as alterações; 45,2 por cento apresentaram alterações oclusais verticais; 60,7 por cento alterações transversais e 20,2 por cento alterações ântero-posteriores; 60,7 por cento alterações respiratórias e 47,6 por cento deglutição alterada. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a relação vertical e as duas funções avaliadas (p<0,001) e entre a relação transversal e a função respiratória (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: as prevalências de más oclusões e de alterações funcionais foram elevadas, 77,3 por cento e 72,6 por cento, respectivamente. Houve uma forte associação entre a relação oclusal vertical e as funções avaliadas (respiração e deglutição).

Prevalência de perda precoce de molares decíduos em crianças atendidas na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco (FOP-UPE) em 2002 e 2003 / Prevalence of early loss of deciduos molars in children attended at Faculty of Dentistry of University of Pernambuco (FOP-UPE) in 2002 and 2003

Foi realizado um estudo transversal com objetivo de determinar a prevalência de perda precoce de molares decíduos e sua relação com o sexo. a faixa etária e o arco dentário. A amostra foi constituída dos prontuários de 1056 crianças de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 3 a 9 anos, atendidas na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco (FOP/UPE), no período de 2002 e 2003. Analisaram-se os prontuários das referidas crianças observando-se a idade, o sexo e também os odontogramas nos quais estavam notificados dentes presentes e ausentes. 0s resultados mostraram uma prevalência de perda precoce de 26%; a causa mais comum das perdas foi a cárie dentária; o sexo feminino foi mais acometido que o masculino, mas a diferença não foi estatisticamente significante; a faixa etária de 6 a 9 anos apresentou o maior número de perdas, observando-se diferença estatisticamente significante; a mandíbula foi mais afetada que a maxila. Após a avaliação dos dados concluiu-se que a prevalência de perda precoce foi baixa; o dente mais frequentemente perdido foi o primeiro molar superior esquerdo; o sexo feminino e o arco dentário inferior foram os mais afetados; e houve diferença significante em relação às faixas etárias